A Mediation Model of the Effect of Visionary Leadership on Teachers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior

Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) is necessary in overcoming emergency conditions, including learning difficulties such as experienced during and after the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, this research explored the visionary leadership effects of teachers' OCB through quality of work-life (QWL) and organizational commitment, and developed a new empirical model of the mediation mechanism. A quantitative approach with a survey method was used in this research, where Likert-scale questionnaires were distributed to 387 social sciences teachers in Indonesia. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis, it was found that visionary leadership, QWL, and organizational commitment have a significant effect on OCB;visionary leadership significantly influences QWL and organizational commitment;and visionary leadership has a significant effect on OCB through QWL and organizational commitment. This evidence promotes a new model regarding the effect of visionary leadership on teachers' OCB mediated by QWL and organizational commitment. It not only confirms several previous studies as the basis for developing this research hypothesis, but is also an antithesis to previous research with contradictory conclusions. With such conditions, the new model provides theoretical and practical contributions which require in-depth and critical discussion before it is adopted or adapted as a model in improving teacher OCB via visionary leadership supported by QWL and organizational commitment. © Authors This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Mental well-being and government support in Europe. The mediating role of trust in people and institutions

Purpose: This paper investigates the determinants of subjective well-being in Europe using the European Living, Working and COVID-19 (ELWC) Survey carried out by Eurofound (2021). Socio-demographics characteristics, employment status, measures of economic distress, inequality and work life balance are considered. Particular attention is paid to how quality of government support (QGS), that considers the dimensions of good governance such as integrity, fairness, reliability, responsiveness and influences subjective mental well-being (WHO-5) through the mediation of trust in other people and in institutions. Design/methodology/approach: To this end, the authors estimate a moderated mediation model for analysing the indirect role of QGS on WHO-5 through institutional trust and trust in people. Findings: The results support the hypothesis that the reduction in WHO-5 in the European population during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID--19), particularly marked in the 18–34 age group, is related to the perceived inadequacy of government interventions in managing economic and social uncertainty through supportive measures. This outcome is also due to reduced trust in institutions and other people, as both are significant mediators that reinforce the impact of public support on WHO-5. Practical implications: Government should pay greater attention to this relationship amongst good governance, trust and mental health of citizens because a healthy human capital is a significant factor for the long-run economic growth, in a special way when the authors refer to the young workforce with a greater life expectancy. Originality/value: In the literature, the role of trust as a mediator has been analysed in the relationship between individual economic situations and subjective well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no studies have examined the role of perceived QGS on subjective mental well-being using the mediating and backing effects of trust in people and institutions. Peer review: The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-08-2022-0549. © 2023, Erica Poma, Barbara Pistoresi and Chiara Giovinazzo.

Canadians' travel knowledge acquisition during the pandemic: A cognitive mediation model approach

This study aimed to improve Canada's preparedness to rejuvenate the economy in public health crises by understanding how potential tourists acquire knowledge using the cognitive mediation model. We examined the effect of media motivations (i.e., surveillance gratification and anticipated interaction) in predicting two types of subjective knowledge (i.e., pandemic knowledge and travel health knowledge) through the mediation of media attention and elaboration. The study results supported all hypotheses except for the relationships between surveillance gratification and media attention, and media attention and travel health knowledge. This study provides implications for destination marketing organizations to understand Canadians' travel decisions during the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Surrogate Marker Assessment Using Mediation and Instrumental Variable Analyses in a Case-Cohort Design

The identification of surrogate markers for gold standard outcomes in clinical trials enables future cost-effective trials that target the identified markers. Due to resource limitations, these surrogate markers may be collected only for cases and for a subset of the trial cohort, giving rise to what is termed the case-cohort design. Motivated by a COVID-19 vaccine trial, we propose methods of assessing the surrogate markers for a time-to-event outcome in a case-cohort design by using mediation and instrumental variable (IV) analyses. In the mediation analysis we decomposed the vaccine effect on COVID-19 risk into an indirect effect (the effect mediated through the surrogate marker such as neutralizing antibodies) and a direct effect (the effect not mediated by the marker), and we propose that the mediation proportions are surrogacy indices. In the IV analysis we aimed to quantify the causal effect of the surrogate marker on disease risk in the presence of surrogatedisease confounding which is unavoidable even in randomized trials. We employed weighted estimating equations derived from nonparametric maximum likelihood estimators (NPMLEs) under semiparametric probit models for the time-to-disease outcome. We plugged in the weighted NPMLEs to construct estimators for the aforementioned causal effects and surrogacy indices, and we determined the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators. Finite sample performance was evaluated in numerical simulations. Applying the proposed mediation and IV analyses to a mock COVID-19 vaccine trial data, we found that 84.2% of the vaccine efficacy was mediated by 50% pseudovirus neutralizing antibody and that neutralizing antibodies had significant protective effects for COVID-19 risk.

Social support and prosocial behavior in Chinese college students during the COVID-19 outbreak: a moderated mediation model of positive affect and parental care.

Purpose: Prosocial behavior (PSB) plays a critical role in everyday society, especially during the pandemic of COVID-19. Understanding the underlying mechanism will provide insight and advance its implementation. According to the theory of PSB, social interaction, family and individual characters all contribute to its development. The current study aimed to investigate the influencing factor of PSB among Chinese college students during COVID-19 outbreak. This is an attempt to understand the mechanism of PSB and to provide a reference for the formulation of policies aimed at promoting healthy collaborative relationships for college students. Method: The online questionnaire was administered to 664 college students from 29 provinces of China via Credamo platform. There were 332 medical students and 332 non-medical students aged between 18 and 25 included for final study. The mediating role of positive emotion/affect (PA) and the moderating role of parental care in the association between social support and PSB during the pandemic of COVID-19 was explored by using Social Support Rate Scale (SSRS), Prosocial Tendencies Measurement Scale (PTM), The Positive and Negative Affect (PANAS), as well as Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI). The process macro model of SPSS was adopted for mediating and moderating analysis. Results: The results showed that social support positively predicted PSB among Chinese college students, even after adding PA as a mediation variable. PA during COVID-19 mediated the association between social support and PSB. PSB also revealed as a predictor of PA by regression analysis. Moreover, the moderating effect of parental care in the relationship between PA and PSB was detected. Conclusion: PA under stress acts as a mediator between social support and PSB. This mediating effect was moderated by PC in childhood. In addition, PSB was observed to predict PA reversely. The promoting factors and path between the variables of PSB are complex and need to be explored extensively. The underlying factors and process should be further investigated for the development of intervention plans.

Quality of Work Life and Medical Teachers? Commitment: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Fear of Covid-19 and Job Satisfaction

This study is principally the first to test a moderated mediation model of COVID-19 fear and job satisfaction in the Quality of Work Life (QWL)-commitment relationship of medical teachers during the pandemic. The conceptual model draws its theoretical tenet from spillover and conservation of resources theories. Cluster sampling was incorporated from four metropolitan cities in India. A mixed-method research design was administered to 378 medical teachers amidst the pandemic. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) results indicate a significant positive association between the constructs. Path analyses have highlighted positive associations between QWL, job satisfaction, and affective commitment to medical institutions. Further, a partial mediation effect of job satisfaction in the QWL-commitment relationship is highlighted, adding a new dimension to past studies. Intriguingly, each of the positive associations between QWL, job satisfaction, and commitment was negated and significantly moderated by the fear of COVID-19 experienced by the medical teaching fraternity. The findings offer practical implications to the stakeholders (Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Department of Higher Education, Government of India, and State Governments) in enriching the QWL, job satisfaction, and medical teachers' commitment induced by psychological stress, anxiety, role conflict, post-traumatic stress disorder, and fear of COVID-19 in the global pandemic.

Job insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic and counterproductive work behavior: The sequential mediation effects of job stress and organizational identification and the buffering role of corporate social responsibility.

Swift social and economic environmental changes such as those associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have led to decreased job security. Although numerous previous studies have examined the influence of job insecurity on employee perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors, the link between job insecurity and negative behavior and its underlying or intermediating mechanisms remain underexplored. The significance of an organization's positive behaviors, which fall under the umbrella of corporate social responsibility (CSR), also deserves more attention. To address these gaps, we examined both the mediator and the moderator in the association between job insecurity and negative employee behavior by establishing a moderated sequential mediation model. We hypothesized that the levels of employee job stress and organizational identification sequentially mediate the relationship between job insecurity and counterproductive work behavior as a representative negative behavior. We also hypothesized that CSR activities play a buffering role that moderates the influence of job insecurity on job stress. We used three-wave time-lagged data collected from 348 employees in South Korean organizations to demonstrate that job stress and organizational identification sequentially mediate the relationship between job insecurity and counterproductive work behavior, and that CSR activities function as a buffering factor that decreases the influence of job insecurity on job stress. The results of this research suggest that the levels of job stress and organizational identification (as sequential mediators) as well as CSR activities (as a moderator) are underlying mechanisms in the link between job insecurity and counterproductive work behavior.

Does digital economy development reduce carbon emission intensity?

Carbon emissions from human activities are the main cause of climate warming. Under the background of economic and social digital transformation, accurately assessing the carbon emission reduction effect of the development of the digital economy is of great significance for countries to deal with climate warming in the post-COVID-19 era. This paper constructs a dynamic evaluation model of orthogonal projection to measure the level of digital economy development at the provincial level in China from 2007 to 2019. On this basis, the panel fixed effects model and mediation model are used to empirically test the impact of digital economy development on carbon emission intensity and its mechanism. The results indicate that: (1) The development of China's digital economy is unbalanced among regions, showing a geospatial pattern of decreasing from east to west. (2) China's carbon emission intensity has a trend of decreasing year by year, and there are geospatial differences of "high in the west and low in the east” and "high in the north and low in the south.” (3) The digital economy development can effectively reduce regional carbon emission intensity through industrial structure optimization effect and resource allocation effect, and the industrial structure optimization effect can suppress carbon emission intensity more obviously. (4) The development of digital economy in different regions has different degrees of reducing carbon emission intensity. The development of digital economy in the eastern region has a stronger inhibitory effect on carbon emission intensity than that in the middle and western regions, and the development of digital economy in economically developed regions can suppress carbon emission intensity more. This paper provides enlightenment for policy makers to deal with climate warming. Copyright © 2023 Lyu, Zhang and Wang.

Teleworking during the COVID-19 pandemic: a leader-member exchange perspective

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the process of teleworking and teleworking is expected to be a central feature of workplaces of the future. The present study examines the effect of leader-member exchange (LMX) and perception of loneliness on the relationship between proactive coping and the work productivity of teleworkers during the COVID-19 crisis time.Design/methodology/approachUsing structural equation modeling (SEM), this study the study is based on a survey of 572 teleworkers in Taiwan drawn from a variety of industry sectors.FindingsThrough the application of a hypothesized moderated mediation model, the indirect effects of proactive coping on work productivity via LMX are stronger for employees who experience a higher level of perceived loneliness.Research limitations/implicationsThe results have contributed to current understanding on the success of telework at the individual level and extends research framework of teleworking. Using self-report questionnaire is one of the limitations;however, this was feasible data collection method during COVID-19.Practical implicationsOrganizations need to provide further training aimed at enhancing proactive coping and dealing with future work challenges in the complex and dynamic workplace.Originality/valueThis study is the first among its type to examine proactive coping and job productivity from a LMX during COVID-19.

COVID-19 Fear, Sleep Quality, Anxiety and Depression: A Moderated Mediation Model.

The available literature demonstrates that COVID-19 fear (CV-19 F) may increase depressive symptoms in adolescents. However, few studies have explored the underlying mechanisms of this relationship. This study aimed to understand the role of anxiety and sleep quality in the association between CV-19 F and depression in Vietnamese adolescents. A sample of 685 adolescents, ages 15 to 19 (mean = 16.09, SD = 0.860), was recruited to participate in the study. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale were completed by participants. Results indicated that the link between CV-19 F and depression was fully mediated by anxiety. Furthermore, this indirect relationship was moderated by sleep quality. Our findings provided new insights into the link between CV-19 F and depression as well as highlighted the potential value of reducing anxiety and improving sleep quality in the prevention of depression in adolescents with high levels of CV-19 F.

Offline and online basic need satisfaction and smartphone use behaviors: A mediation model.

Based on the self-determination theory, this study compared the offline and online need satisfaction during the COVID-19 period and investigated how the fulfilment experienced in the different settings affected an individual's smartphone use outcomes. 546 Chinese undergraduate students participated in the study and were measured with their levels of offline and online basic need satisfaction, smartphone use patterns, and problematic smartphone use. The results showed that offline basic need satisfaction negatively predicted problematic smartphone use via the information seeking pattern, whereas online basic need satisfaction positively predicted problematic smartphone use via the use patterns of transaction and entertainment. Our study expands the research scope of the pertinent topic and pinpoints the mechanism between the basic need satisfaction and problematic smartphone use.

The effect of unstable job on employee's turnover intention: The importance of coaching leadership.

Swift social and economic environmental changes such as COVID-19 pandemic have led to increased job insecurity. The current study examines the intermediating mechanism (i.e., mediator) and its contingent factor (i.e., moderator) in the association between job insecurity and employee's turnover intention, especially from the perspective of positive psychology. By establishing a moderated mediation model, this research hypothesizes that the degree of employee meaningfulness in work may mediate the relationship between job insecurity and turnover intention. In addition, coaching leadership may play a buffering role to positively moderate the harmful impact of job insecurity on meaningfulness of work. With three-wave time-lagged data that was collected from 372 employees in South Korean organizations, the current study not only demonstrated that meaningfulness of work mediates the job insecurity-turnover intention relationship, but also that coaching leadership functions as a buffering factor in reducing the harmful influence of job insecurity on meaningfulness of work. The results of this research suggest that the level of meaningfulness of work (as a mediator) as well as coaching leadership (as a moderator) are the underlying processes and the contingent factor in the job insecurity-turnover intention link.

The Relationship between Competitive Class Climate and Cyberloafing among Chinese Adolescents: A Curvilinear Moderated Mediation Model.

Since COVID-19 was officially listed as a pandemic, online schooling has become a more pervasive form of learning, and cyberloafing has become a widespread behavior, even among adolescents. However, less research has explored the influencing mechanism of adolescents' cyberloafing. Based on relevant studies and the real lives of adolescents, this study aimed to examine the association between a competitive class climate and cyberloafing among adolescents, its underlying mechanism, the mediating role of perceived stress and the moderating role of self-esteem. A total of 686 adolescents were recruited to complete a set of questionnaires assessing cyberloafing, perceived stress, self-esteem, and perceived competitive class climate. The results showed that a competitive class climate was positively associated with perceived stress, and the U-shaped relationship between perceived stress and cyberloafing was significant. Perceived stress mediated the relationship between a competitive class climate and cyberloafing. Meanwhile, self-esteem moderated the U-shaped relationship between perceived stress and cyberloafing and the linear relationship between a competitive class climate and perceived stress. The results of this study indicate that the influence of a competitive class climate on individual learning behavior may be nonlinear, and proper competition can contribute to reducing individual cyberloafing.

Mediating Effect of Challenges on Demographics and Coping Strategies of Indian Healthcare Workers during COVID-19.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) including doctors, nurses and allied workers struggled to cope up with the stressful situation as the COVID-19 pandemic unsettled healthcare systems, including India's. Many factors (commonly called as stressors) acted as major sources of stress and resulted in poor mental health of HCWs. Therefore, this study predicted and explained the mediating effect of challenges on demographic characteristics and coping strategies of HCWs. Data from a cross-sectional study was collected from the district hospital of Rajasthan, India, during the period of August 2022-October 2022. HCW's experience level, shift type and distance of greenspaces from their accommodation were significantly correlated with the challenges they faced at work, specifically societal challenges. Thus, HCWs were more inclined to adopt a meaning-focused coping strategy to retain good mental health during the pandemic. Therefore, these findings call for interventions requiring a layered response, comprising strategies and actions that are structural. At the organizational level, these actions may provide supportive workplace environments.

Red media, blue media, and misperceptions: examining a moderated serial mediation model of partisan media use and COVID-19 misperceptions.

Misinformation and misperceptions about COVID-19 have undermined democratic system. Partisan media are regarded as one of the culprits for facilitating the spread of misinformation. Grounded in the extended communication mediation model, this study analyzes a U.S. survey sample and examines the conditional indirect effects of partisan media use on COVID-19 related misperceptions. Findings show that using conservative and liberal media both have positive effects on misperceptions and message derogation. Conservative media use has a negative impact on perceived response efficacy, whereas liberal media use positively influenced it. Furthermore, the effect of liberal media use on misperceptions became negative when serially mediated by perceived response efficacy and message derogation. Lastly, discussion network heterogeneity was a significant moderator, such that the indirect effects of partisan media use on misperceptions became weaker among those with a more heterogeneous discussion network. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-03772-x.

The effect of job insecurity on knowledge hiding behavior: The mediation of psychological safety and the moderation of servant leadership.

As the global economy deteriorates because of the great shocks such as COVID-19 pandemic and wars among nations, the business environment is suffered from uncertainty and risk. To deal with it, several firms have attempted to maximize its efficiency via downsizing and restructuring to diminish costs. Thus, the degree of anxiety is increased among employees who worry about the loss of their job. The current research hypothesizes that job insecurity increases employees' knowledge hiding behavior by diminishing the degree of their psychological safety. In other words, psychological safety functions as the underlying process (i.e., mediator) in the job insecurity-knowledge hiding behavior link. Furthermore, this paper tries to examine the boundary condition of how to decrease the detrimental influence of job insecurity, focusing on the moderating effect of servant leadership. Utilizing a 3-wave time-lagged data from 365 Korean employees, we empirically demonstrated that employees who perceive job insecurity are less likely to perceive psychological safety, eventually increasing their knowledge hiding behavior. We also found that servant leadership functions as a positive moderator which buffers the negative impact of job insecurity on psychological safety. Theoretical and practical contributions are described.

Application of protection motivation theory and cultural tightness-looseness for predicting individuals' compliance with the government's recommended preventive measures during regular prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic in China.

Introduction: In the period of regular prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, the public must continue to comply with the government's recommended preventive measures to further curb the pandemic. Based on the theories of protection motivation and cultural tightness-looseness, this study investigates individuals' compliance with the government's recommended preventive measures during this period in China. It also establishes a moderated mediation model to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We used structural equation modeling and latent model structural equations to analyze data from an online survey of 443 participants. Results: The analysis showed that media exposure significantly predicted perceived severity, maladaptive rewards, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and response cost. Perceived severity, self-efficacy, and response efficacy were positively associated with protection motivation, which, in turn, was positively associated with individuals' compliance. Additionally, protection motivation positively affected individuals' compliance via implementation intention, and perceived cultural tightness-looseness significantly moderated the association between protection motivation and implementation intention. Discussion: This study helps to better understand individuals' compliance from a theoretical perspective and provide practical advice on promoting individuals' compliance with the government's precautionary measures.

"Faith Is Not Enough?" Ego-Resiliency and Religiosity as Coping Resources with Pandemic Stress-Mediation Study.

Based on the concepts of Pargament's adaptational functions of religiosity, Huber's centrality of religiosity, and Block's conceptualisation of ego-resiliency as psychosocial resources, a nonexperimental, moderated mediation project was designed for a group of 175 women and 57 men who voluntarily participated in an online study to determine whether and to what extent religiosity mediated or moderated the relationship between ego-resiliency and the severity of PTSD and depression during the COVID-19 epidemic. The analyses carried out showed that the studied variables, ego-resiliency and centrality of religiosity, were predictors of the intensity of some psychopathological reactions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic but were not connected via a mediation relationship. Therefore, one question remains open: what is the role of ego-resiliency and the nature of the stated immunogenic effect of the centrality of religiosity in dealing with the critical threat to mental health that is the COVID-19 pandemic?

Research on Knowledge Learning of COVID-19 Video Viewers: Based on Cognitive Mediation Model.

During the COVID-19 epidemic, social media has become the main channel for people to learn information related to the epidemic, among which information in the form of videos has played a significant role in the prevention and control of COVID-19. However, few studies have analyzed the process of knowledge learning of individuals through watching COVID-19 videos. Therefore, to explore the process of COVID-19 video viewers' knowledge acquisition, this paper constructs a knowledge learning path model based on the cognitive mediation model and dual coding theory. A sample of 255 valid questionnaires was collected to validate this model. The results of this study show that an individual's perceived risk of COVID-19 affects their surveillance motivation positively, while surveillance motivation further stimulates the attention and elaboration about the information in COVID-19 videos. Among them, attention positively influences the elaboration about the information. Ultimately, both an individual's attention and elaboration positively influence the knowledge he or she acquires from the COVID-19 videos. This paper not only verifies the hypothesized relationships in the original cognitive mediation model, but also extends the model to the context of video knowledge learning. Analyzing the knowledge learning process of COVID-19 video viewers, this paper can provide suggestions for government propaganda departments and relevant media to improve public knowledge of COVID-19.

Are psychological status and trust in information related to vaccine hesitancy during COVID-19 pandemic? A latent class and mediation analyses in Italy.

Despite the recognized benefits of the COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine hesitancy (VH) remains one of the biggest challenges of the mass vaccination campaign. Most studies investigating VH determinants focused on socio-demographics and direct relationships. In this study, we aimed at: 1) identifying subgroups of people differently affected by the pandemic, in terms of psychological status; 2) investigating the role of psychological status and trust in information as possible mediators of the relationship between individual characteristics and VH. To this purpose, a latent class analysis (LCA) followed by a mediation analysis were carried out on data from a survey conducted in January 2021 on 1011 Italian citizens. LCA identified four different subgroups characterized by a differential psychological impact of the pandemic: the extremely affected (21.1%), the highly affected (49.1%), the moderately affected (21.8%) and the slightly affected (8%). We found that VH decreased with the increase of psychological impact (from 59.3% to 23.9%). In the mediation analysis, past vaccination refusal, age 45-54 years and lower-than-average income, were all indirectly related to higher VH through mistrust in COVID-19 information. Differently, the psychological impact counteracted the greater VH in females, the negative effect of social media among youngest (<35 years) and the negative effect of mistrust in the lower-than-average-income subgroup. Knowledge of psychological profile of hesitant individuals, their level of trust and the sources of information they access, together with their sociodemographic characteristics provides a more comprehensive picture of VH determinants that can be used by public health stakeholders to effectively design and adapt communication campaigns.